![]() ![]() Compared to the community of non- pollinating fig wasps that develop within fig inflorescences at the expense of fig seeds and pollinators, consequences of interactions between female pollinating wasps and their host-specialist nematode parasites is much less well understood. The pollination mutualism between figs and fig wasps provides an excellent model system for investigating interactions between obligate mutualists and antagonists. Although examples of mutualism are ubiquitous in nature, the ecology, evolution, and stability of mutualism has rarely been studied in the broader, multi-species community context in which they occur. Mutualisms are interactions between two species in which the fitnesses of both symbionts benefit from the relationship. Van Goor, Justin Piatscheck, Finn Houston, Derek D. A functional analysis of NPFW community structure may require descriptions of the histological processes associated with larval development.įigs, pollinators, and parasites: A longitudinal study of the effects of nematode infection on fig wasp fitness The large differences between this NPFW and other fig wasps in how ovules are galled suggest that there are different ways to be a galler. This strategy enables it to develop in both pollinated and unpollinated figs. This Idarnes species relies on the induction of nucellus cell proliferation for gall formation and as the main larval resource. Nevertheless, we show that the gall induction differs considerably from that of the pollinating species. This Idarnes species shares with the pollinator characteristics such as time of oviposition, ovipositor insertion through flower and location of the egg inside plant ovaries. We studied the gall induction and larval feeding strategy of an Idarnes (group flavicollis) species, a non- pollinating fig wasp (NPFW) associated to Ficus citrifolia P. There are few direct data available on larval feeding regimes and access to resources. gallers, cleptoparasites and parasitoids) oviposit into the fig at different developmental stages, reflecting different feeding regimes for these insect larvae. The receptacles of fig trees (Ficus spp.) can harbor a highly diversified and complex community of chalcid wasps. Jansen-González, Sergio Teixeira, Simone de Padua Kjellberg, Finn Pereira, Rodrigo A. Same but different: Larval development and gall-inducing process of a non- pollinating fig wasp compared to that of pollinating fig-wasps ![]()
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